Cara Install Windows 98 Menggunakan Flash Disk Hp. Head and neck cancers represent a group of diverse cancers with varied etiology. The two main risk factors are tobacco smoking and alcohol, which have synergistic effects. Tobacco is a particularly strong risk factor for laryngeal, lip, and tongue cancers but also contributes to the risk at other upper-airway sites.

Dietary factors modify risk with salted fish a risk factor for nasopharyngeal cancer, and diets rich in vitamin A and C are protective because of their antioxidative effects. Cara Instal Driver Epson L210 Di Ubuntu. A range of occupational risk factors has been identified such as the hardwood furniture industry and nasal fossa carcinoma. Viruses play an important role with DNA from Epstein-Barr virus found in nasopharyngeal cancers of all types and human papilloma virus being implicated in other cancers of the head and neck. At most sites, cancer occurs more commonly in men except postcricoid carcinoma, which predominates in women because of its association with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Cannabis smoking also has the potential to contribute to the risk of head and neck cancer. Cannabis smoke is qualitatively similar to tobacco smoke, although it contains up to twice the concentration of the carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Cannabis is less densely packed than tobacco cigarettes and tends to be smoked without filters to a smaller butt size, leading to higher concentrations of smoke inhaled. Several studies have shown precancerous histologic and genetic abnormalities in the respiratory tracts of cannabis smokers, and carcinogenic effects of cannabis smoke have been shown in vitro and in different in vivo animal models. An increased risk of lung cancer with cannabis smoking has been reported in most but not all case-control studies that have investigated the association. Epidemiologic evidence for an association between cannabis and head and neck cancer is limited and conflicting.

Lthough head and neck carcinoma ranks fifth among cancer types, patient survival rates have not changed significantly over the past years. Program Stock Barang Php Tutorials more. Objective: To determine the risk factors, causes, therapies, and prevention measures for head and. Cancers of the head and neck are the fourth most common cause of cancer worldwide, with approximately 500,000 new cases diagnosed each year. 2 Larger studies are required to assess the risk of cancers of the head and neck associated with cannabis use for the different cancer sites of the head and neck.